Who was Manco Cápac?

<![CDATA[Sometimes the lines between history and myth are blurred and the legend of Manco Cápac, is one of those cases. According to folklore and to some historians, Manco Cápac (also known as Manco Inca and Ayar Manco) was the first governor and the founder of the Inca empire.   The legend goes that he was sent to earth by his father, the Sun God Inti, to civilize the people. In the 12^thcentury, people around Lake Titicaca lived like savages and Inti believed that this was due to their lack of religious beliefs that brought them together.   Thus, he sent his sons and his daughter, Mama Ocllo, to teach the savages about civilization. Upon arrival on earth, Manco Cápac killed his brothers by trapping them under or turning them into stone and married his sister.   His next step was to find fertile land upon which he could build his empire. According to one version of the legend, his father had given him a golden staff, who instructed him to use it as a tool to find fertile where he was to build a temple to teach the people about the Sun God.     According to the instructions, he had to plant this staff in the ground. The location where it sank without resistance would be the perfect location for him and his people to settle.   Following his father’s demands, Manco Cápac ventured through the Andes Mountains and the surrounding valleys searching for good land. He finally came across the Cusco valley where he thrust his golden staff into the earth.   It sank into the earth without resistance. So, Manco Cápac led his sister/wife and his people to this location where they settled circa 1200.   This is the foundational myth of the Inca empire, however, there is also historical proof of Manco Cápac’s existence. Historians believe that he was born in Tamputoco, which is located in the province of Pumaurco in present-day Peru.   The city of Tamputoco was a refuge for many nomads that were exiled by the Aymaran invasions. According to some sources, Manco Cápac became the head of the Ayllu people after the death of his father, Manqu Qhapaq.   The Ayllu was a nomadic tribe comprised of several dozens of families. The trajectory of their journeys through the Cusco valley coincides with Manco Cápac’s journey as told in the legends.   Their settlement in the Cusco valley wasn’t effortless, however. The area was divided into four districts and the Ayllu people only occupied a small fraction. At the time, the other districts were inhabited by larger, more powerful tribes.   Manco Cápac and the Ayllu people were regarded as invaders and were thus often attacked. It wasn’t until the late 14^thcentury, with the expansion of the Inca empire, that their people became the most powerful tribe.   Manco Cápac died of natural causes and left his son, Sinchi Roca, in charge of the city of Cusco and their tribe. His body was mummified and kept in the city until the reign of Pachacuti in the 15^thcentury, who demanded its move to Lake Titicaca. Today, only a statue of him remains in the city of Cusco to honor his legacy.]]>